Week 3 EDCI 5065 LT1

1. List 3 of the learning theories discussed by Kruse, and briefly define them.

Level 1 of Blooms Taxonomy (Knowledge).

Three learning theories discussed by Kruse include Behavioral Learning Theory (BLT), Developmental Learning Theory (DLT), and Social Learning Theory (SLT). Behavioral Learning Theory (BLT)  focuses on changes in observable behavior. Kruse states that it used to discourage specific behaviors but it does provide a narrow view of learning since they teacher is unable to understand the learner's reasoning and thinking.  Developmental Learning Theory (DLT) focuses on cognitive abilities of the student and requires the teacher to consider the maturity level of the student. It also inspires the teacher to create harder challenges for learners as time moves on and students develop more skills. Finally, Social Learning Theory (SLT) emphasizes the Zone of Proximal Development and social interaction. Kruse writes that SLT calls for the guidance of the teacher to have students work cooperatively and facilitate class discussion.

2. Explain positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement and distinguish the two.

Level 2 of Blooms Taxonomy (Comprehension).

Positive reinforcement, as described by Skinner, is an increase in a certain behavior based on some type of reinforcement. For example, good grades reinforce careful studying. Negative reinforcement is the taking away of a stimulus to increase a particular behavior. An example of this is being excused from writing a final because of good team work. These are distinct because something is either presented (positive reinforcement) or taken away (negative reinforcement).

3. Critique Skinner's behavioral learning theory and tell why.

Level 6 of Blooms Taxonomy (Evaluation).

Skinner's behavioral learning theory of operant conditioning is only effective in regards to observable behavior. In "Learning Theories: Pillars of Teacher Decision Making," Kruse writes that learning theories must complement and support one another where Skinner does not focus on cognitive learning. To Skinner, behavior and learning are regulated by a stimulus provided by the teacher. This can be harmful to a student's cognition since they are basically being conditioned to do something and are not truly making connections to their current conceptual framework. Mental activity, to Skinner, rests on a reinforcement schedule from which behaviors are shaped. Behavior should be praised but more focus should be placed on a well-rounded educational experience where individuals can reflect on their actions and learn from these thoughts.